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1.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 37(2): 529-541, abr.-jun. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-842151

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este estudo investigou as imagens sociais associadas aos jovens em situação de acolhimento institucional e jovens típicos. Participaram 224 pessoas selecionadas por conveniência, com idades entre 18 e 71 anos (M = 33,97, DP = 11,42), sendo que 68,4% já tiveram contato com adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade e risco. Foi utilizado um questionário fechado, com 37 palavras para descrever os jovens, com itens em escala Likert. Os resultados indicaram que as características negativas foram mais associadas aos jovens em acolhimento institucional. Análises posteriores apontaram que os participantes que tinham contato com populações em situação de vulnerabilidade e risco percebem os jovens acolhidos como menos batalhadores do que os demais participantes, mas esse contato pouco interfere na percepção acerca deeles. A partir disso, é importante a elaboração de estratégias que levem a uma reflexão social sobre as imagens vinculadas a esses jovens. Destaca-se também a necessidade de capacitação para os profissionais que atuam com esta população, com o objetivo de promover a consciência sobre a estigmatização desses jovens e garantir um acompanhamento favorável ao seu desenvolvimento....(AU)


Abstract This study investigated the social images associated with young people in residential care and with typical young people. The participants were 224 people selected by convenience, with ages between 18 to 71 years old (M = 33.97, SD = 11.42), 68.4% of them had contact with teenagers in vulnerability and risk. The instrument used was a Likert scale questionnaire with 37 words describing young people. The results indicated that negative characteristics were more associated to the young people living in residential care. Subsequent analysis showed that participants who had contact with young people in vulnerability and risk perceive young people in residential care as less hard working than the other participants, but this contact does not significantly interfere in the perception about them. Therefore, it is important to devise social strategies to discuss the images related to these young people. Professionals who work in these institutions need training in order to raise awareness of stigmatization and to achieve a favorable monitoring of their development....(AU)


Resumen Este estudio investigó las imágenes sociales asociadas con adolescentes en acogimiento institucional y con jóvenes típicos. Participaron 224 personas seleccionadas por conveniencia, con edades entre 18 y 71 años (M = 33,97, SD = 11,42), de las cuales el 68,4% ha tenido contacto con los adolescentes vulnerables y en situación de riesgo. Fue utilizado un cuestionario en escala Likert, con 37 palabras para describir a los jóvenes. Los resultados indicaron que las características negativas se asocian más con los jóvenes en acogimiento institucional. Análisis posteriores mostraron que los participantes que tenían contacto con jóvenes vulnerables y en situación de riesgo perciben a los jóvenes en acogimiento como menos trabajadores que los otros participantes, pero el contacto no interfiere significativamente en la percepción acerca de ellos. A partir de esto, es importante elaborar estrategias que lleven a la reflexión social sobre las imágenes vinculadas con estos jóvenes. También se destaca la necesidad de formación para los profesionales que trabajan con esta población, con el objetivo de promover concientización acerca de la estigmatización de estos jóvenes y asó lograr un adecuado seguimiento de su desarrollo....(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Child Protective Services , User Embracement , Child Advocacy
2.
Psicol. soc. (Online) ; 29: e131636, 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-842248

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão teórica acerca das imagens sociais de crianças e adolescentes institucionalizados e suas famílias. Parte-se de uma perspectiva histórica acerca das instituições no Brasil até os dias atuais, em que a política de atendimento é regida pela Doutrina da Proteção Integral, prevista pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, destacando-se os prejuízos das imagens sociais negativas relativas a crianças e adolescentes em acolhimento e suas famílias. São discutidos alguns trabalhos que enfocam as imagens construídas acerca dessa população e suas consequências, tanto para os sujeitos em situação de institucionalização quanto para os profissionais que com eles trabalham. Conclui-se destacando a importância de trabalhos de sensibilização junto a profissionais que atuam na área da proteção, saúde e educação.


Resumen Este trabajo presenta una reflexión teórica sobre las imágenes sociales de los niños y adolescentes institucionalizados y sus familias. Inicia con una perspectiva histórica sobre las instituciones de protección en Brasil hasta en la actualidad, cuando la política de asistencia se rige por la Doctrina de Protección Integral prevista por el Estatuto del Niño y del Adolescente, haciendo énfasis en las imágenes sociales negativas acerca de los niños y adolescentes institucionalizados y sus familias. Se presentan algunos trabajos que se centran en las imágenes construidas sobre esta población y sus consecuencias, tanto para los sujetos institucionalizados como para los profesionales que trabajan con ellos. Se concluye resaltando la importancia del trabajo de difusión con los profesionales que actúan en el ámbito de la protección, salud y educación.


Abstract This study presents a theoretical reflection about the social images of institutionalized children and adolescents and their families. It introduces a historical perspective about these institutions in Brazil until nowadays, in which the attendance policy is governed by the Doctrine of Integral Protection, provided by the Statute for Children and Adolescents. We highlight the prejudice of negative social images related to children and adolescents in social care and their families. Some papers that focus on the constructed images of this population and their consequences, both for the individuals in situation of institutionalization as for professionals who work with them, are discussed. In conclusion, it is highlighted the importance of awareness-raising activities with professionals working in the area of protection, health and education.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Family , Child , Child, Institutionalized , Adolescent , Child Advocacy/history , Social Vulnerability , Institutionalization/history
3.
Pensando fam ; 20(1): 83-98, jul. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-797826

ABSTRACT

Este estudo investigou as imagens sociais associadas às famílias com crianças e adolescentes institucionalizados, comparando-as com as imagens de famílias com crianças e adolescentes não institucionalizados e de diferentes status socioeconômicos. Participaram do estudo 202 leigos e profissionais residentes no Rio Grande do Sul, com idades entre 16 e 69 anos (M=32,76, DP=11,67). Foi utilizado um questionário aberto elaborado especificamente para este estudo. Os dados foram analisados a partir de análises de conteúdo e estatísticas descritivas. Identificou-se que imagens sociais negativas são mais frequentemente associadas às famílias com crianças e adolescentes institucionalizados e às famílias de baixo status socioeconômico. Em conclusão, salienta-se a necessidade de discutir e reelaborar estas concepções negativas sobre famílias, uma vez que as mesmas podem comprometer decisões sobre a garantia dos direitos de crianças e adolescentes à convivência familiar e ao desenvolvimento saudável em comunidade.(AU)


This study investigated the social images associated to families with institutionalized children and adolescents comparing them with images of families with children and adolescents not institutionalized from different socioeconomic status. The participants were 202 nonprofessionals and professionals from Rio Grande do Sul, aged 16 to 69 years (M = 32.76, SD = 11.67). An open questionnaire was designed for this study. Data were analyzed based on content and descriptive statistics analysis. Results showed that negative social images are most often associated with families with institutionalized children and adolescents and families of low socioeconomic status. In conclusion, it is pointed out the need to discuss and rework on these negative conceptions of families since they can eventually jeopardize decisions about safeguarding the rights of children and adolescents to family life as well as to their healthy development in community.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Institutionalized/psychology , Adolescent, Institutionalized/psychology , Parenting/psychology , Child Advocacy/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Family Relations/psychology
4.
Interdisciplinaria ; 29(2): 271-286, dic. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-694739

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo busca ser una contribución al estudio social de la adolescencia tomando como referente de análisis al psicoanálisis de adolescentes. Se plantea que el psicoanálisis de adolescentes no es totalmente homogéneo sino que alberga perspectivas muchas veces contradictorias entre sí. Hay incluso distintas vertientes dentro de los autores estudiados: Winnicott (1972) aportando una visión sociológica del adolescente, Erikson (2009) una visión adaptacionista; Blos (1978) una visión desarrollista, Dolto (1990) una visión antropológica y Aulagnier (1991) una visión historicista. Sin embargo, este cuerpo teórico ha sido fundamental para legitimar y establecer determinadas imágenes de lo que se considera o no adolescente. Se analizan de esta manera algunos autores (Freud, Anna Freud, Blos, Erikson, Winnicott, otros) desde la perspectiva de intentar comprender las consecuencias de sus opiniones en términos de imágenes psicoanalíticas y sociales. Se privilegian diferentes dimensiones de las mismas (homeostático, anti-homeostático; mesianismo, transgresión; mundo a construir, mundo derrumbándose). Se podría incluso sugerir que lo que caracteriza estas imágenes adolescentes es lo ambiguo: sexualidad y no sexualidad, actividad y pasividad, seducción y seducido. Ambiguo en el sentido de la imposibilidad de establecer límites definidos entre dichos aspectos, prevaleciendo la continuidad entre ellos más que la ambivalencia o la polaridad nítida entre los mismos. Se concluye que las imágenes adolescentes son ambiguas, además, porque la propia construcción social del adolescente ha sido altamente compleja y diversa (Klein, 2006), relacionada con múltiples factores sociales. Pero además aparece lo ambiguo desde otra dimensión: se repudia tanto como se desea, se rechaza tanto como se necesita el poder transgresivo y revitalizante de las imágenes adolescentes.


This paper looks for to be a contribution to the social study of adolescence taking as reference the psychoanalysis of adolescents. It is argued that the psychoanalysis of adolescents is not fully homogeneous but contains perspectives often contradictory. There are even different aspects within the studied authors: Winnicott providing a sociological view of adolescents, Erikson an adaptation perspective, Blos a developmental vision, Dolto an anthropological view, and Aulagnier a historicist approach. However, this theoretical framework has been instrumental in legitimizing and establishing certain images of what is or is not adolescence. As it will be indicated is possible to find a significant swing in the literature on adolescence, from simplified models to others that account an interesting variety of nuances. Freud himself joint both perspectives: from the characterization of nachträglich as psychic process complexity, until the puberty as taming instinctual position on adolescence, his position is wide and open to multiple readings. Since this perspective are analyzed some authors trying to understand the consequences of their perspectives in terms of psychoanalytic and social images. However there is something that is shared by the cited authors: a great difficulty to understand the adolescents insert within a larger process, involving parents, institutions, society. The bibliography references remains as general feature, from our perspective, in the consolidation of a model of adolescent-type unmarked with social or cultural references, which is, as we shall see, also a decisive adolescent’s social image. Different dimensions of these images are privileged (homeostatic - anti-homeostatic; messianism - transgression; world building - collapse world). It could even suggest that what characterized these adolescents’ images is the ambiguity: sexuality and non sexuality, activity and passivity, seduction and seduced. Ambiguous in the sense of the impossibility of establish defined boundaries between these aspects, prevailing the continuity between them, more than the ambivalence or the clear polarity. Our hypothesis suggests an extension of such analysis, focusing not so much on the binary dualistic but rather in the ambiguous and indeterminate. As developed, the adolescent’s images reflect an immense burden of ambiguity between messianism and transgression or between the homeostatic and the anti-homeostatic. There are not clear boundaries between them but rather uncertainty and permanent oscillated passage from one to another image, which simultaneously generates a paradoxical effect: both images are possible without the need to choose one or other. Adolescence thus becomes necessary to restore the forward sense and the overcome of the difficulties of society. If the disorder becomes something necessary to restore order, this adolescent’s image that almost imperceptibly tilts between homeostatic and anti-homeostatic, between been messianism and transgression, represents the aspiration that from barbarism, the unreasonable and uncontrolled, they could be restored civilization, civility and good manners. Adolescence is not only place of loss,the wear of the irretrievable homeostatic economy, but also a vital testing ground on how to stop this transitory madness avoiding the irreversible loss of energy and danger of the world’s entry into the age of darkness, apathy or lack of control.The wear of the irretrievable homeostatic economy, but also a vital testing on how to stop this transitory madness avoiding the irreversible loss of energy and the danger of the world’s entry into an age of darkness, apathy or lack of control. The adult which each adolescent finally become thus binds to an image of the world. It is concluded that these adolescents’ images are ambiguous also because the social construction of the adolescent is highly complex and diverse, related to social multiple factors. But also appears the ambiguous from another dimension: it repudiates much as desired, is rejected as is required both the transgressive and the revitalizing power of these adolescents’ images.

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